1 In Studies in Classic American Literature (1923) Lawrence makes something of a prophecy: While the Red Indian existed in fairly large numbers the new colonials were in a great measure immune from the daimon, or demon of America. The moment the last nuclei of Red life break up in America, then the white men will have…

1. 유토피아, 디스토피아, 안티유토피아    H. G. 웰즈(Herbert George Wells)는 주로 기술유토피아의 설계자로 알려져 있다. 1905년 출간된 󰡔현대의 유토피아󰡕(A Modern Utopia)를 비롯해 󰡔해방된 세계󰡕(The World Set Free)와 󰡔신과 같은 인간들󰡕(Men Like Gods) 등 여러 작품에서 그는 기술유토피아적 미래의 비전을 제시했다.그 비전의 핵심은 과학기술자 엘리트들이 주축이 되어 사회체제를 합리적으로 개조함으로써 “윤리적 진화”를 성취할 수 있다는 것이다.

I. 서론을 대신하여 17세기 영문학에서 가장 혁명적인 순간은 의심할 여지없이 잉글랜드 내전(1641~1651)으로 시작한다. 이 전쟁의 참상으로 약 18만에서 20만명이 사망했으며, 이는 심각한 인구 구성의 변화를 초래하여 계층 간 이동을 촉진하는 구조적 변화를 야기했다(Tucker 118).